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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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war 1861-65 between the Southern or
Confederate States of America and the
Northern or Union States. The former wished
to maintain certain `states` rights`, in
particular the right to determine state law
on the institution of slavery, and claimed
the right to secede from the Union; the
latter fought primarily to maintain the
Union, with slave emancipation (proclaimed
1863) a secondary issue.
The war, and in particular its aftermath,
when the South was occupied by Northern
troops in the period known as the
Reconstruction, left behind much bitterness.
Industry prospered in the North, while the
economy of the South, which had been based on
slavery, stagnated for some time.
The issue of slavery had brought to a head
long-standing social and economic differences
between the two oldest sections of the
country. A series of political crises was
caused by the task of determining whether
newly admitted states, such as California,
should permit or prohibit slavery in their
state constitutions. The political parties in
the late 1850s came to represent only
sectional interests - Democrats in the South,
Republicans in the North. This breakdown of
an underlying national political consensus
(which had previously sustained national
parties) led to the outbreak of hostilities,
only a few weeks after the inauguration of
the first Republican president, Abraham
Lincoln.